When people think of women’s health, the first topics that come to mind may be gynecological concerns, such as infertility, menopause, pregnancy and childbirth, as well as breast health.

But there’s a lot more to women’s health than that: many health issues affect women differently from men, and in ways that have an impact on diagnosis and care. For instance, a heart attack may show up with different symptoms in a woman, putting her at risk for a misdiagnosis.

Doctors are increasingly aware of how managing osteoporosis, urinary conditions, sports injuries, colorectal cancer and diabetes in female patients may call for different approaches that take into account women’s physiological differences.

In all health matters, an informed patient or caregiver can advocate more effectively. Clear communication with health care providers can help ensure that women’s unique health needs are recognized and met.